Self sealing gate valve

ABSTRACT

.Iadd.A gate valve structure having a slab gate member and a pair of opposed seat assemblies on opposite sides of the gate member. The seat assemblies loosely fit in recesses in the housing and the dimensions of the gate member, seat assemblies and housing recesses are such that there is controlled interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly. An emergency sealant system provides emergency sealant to the face of the seat assemblies. .Iaddend.

This invention relates generally to valves, and more particularly to athrough conduit gate valve having a slab gate member and cooperatingseat members which form a seal both upstream and downstream.

Gate valves, particularly through conduit gate valves, which when openpresent an unbroken smooth wall conduit for uninterrupted passage offlow therethrough, are widely used because of their desirable flowcharacteristics. When in the open position, the straight-throughpassage, which is provided, offers no more appreciable resistance tofluid flow than an equal length of pipe. Although good flowcharacteristics are important, an even more important aspect of anyvalve is its ability to seal. While in certain installations it is onlynecessary for a valve to stop flow from passing out of the downstreamside, there are other installations where it is necessary that the valvestops flow on the upstream side thereby blocking flow from entering thevalve chamber. An upstream seal is also necessary for block and bleedservice, i.e., service where the valve chamber can be bled to indicateleakage past either seat.

In through conduit gate valves, line pressure aids in establishing aseal at the downstream side by forcing the gate into intimate contactwith the downstream seat member. Generally speaking, since line pressureat the same time tends to move the gate away from the upstream seat, itis more difficult to establish an upstream seal. One method of obtainingeffective downstream and upstream seals for gate valves has been toprovide means whereby the gate member is mechanically forced intosealing engagement with both the upstream and downstream seats. Whilesuch valves provide an effective seal, they are fairly expensive tomanufacture inasmuch as they require mechanism to expand the gate thenecessary amount to obtain a tight seal in the closed position and alsomechanism to retract or collapse the gate when it is being moved to theopen position. Another deterrent in establishing effective seals is thatit is inherently difficult to establish a bubble tight seal between twometal surfaces. Several means have been used to alleviate thiscondition. One has been to inject a heavy viscous lubricant or sealantbetween the two surfaces which will aid in establishing the seal.However, where sealant is essential to the establishing of a seal, thenecessary constant maintenance to see that the valve is properlylubricated is time consuming and expensive. Other means used to effectseals has been the utilization of rubber or other resilient materials;however, such materials are subject to swell in many common ladings.O-rings have also been used but they usually require special fixtures toprevent disengagement when moving the valve from one position toanother. A means which has been useful in establishing a seal has beenproviding the sealing face of the seat member with an annular ring ofplastic deformable material such as polytetrafluoroethylene, commonlyavailable in the United States under the trademark "Teflon." Such a sealis shown and described in J. S. Downs et al. U.S. Pats. 2,925,993 and2,925,994. The utilization of this seal has made more practical thedevelopment of an upstream seal without the use of mechanical force.

While the Teflon insert makes an excellent seal and provides a lowfriction surface for the gate to ride against, it is desirable that flowcan be stopped even though the Teflon insert has been damaged. In orderto accomplish this, the valve of the present invention is provided withmeans so that, in an emergency, flow can be stopped even though theplastic insert or metal surfaces have been damaged.

The through conduit gate valve of the present invention is comprised ofa housing with a bore therethrough. A valve chamber intersects the boreand a reciprocating slab gate or valve member is located in the valvechamber. The gate member is provided with a passage which is alignablewith the bore in the open position providing the through conduit. Asolid portion covers the bore in the closed position. There are twofacing annular recesses surrounding the bore. In each of the recessesthere is positioned a seat member. Each seat member is formed of anannular ring having a smaller outer diameter than the wall of the recesswhereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess. Each seat memberhas a passage which forms a portion of the bore. The axial length ofeach seat member is greater than the axial length of the recess wherebya portion of the seat member protrudes into the valve chamber forming asealing face for co-operation with a face of the gate member. Eachsealing face of the seat member is provided with an annular groove.Secured in the groove is a Teflon insert forming a plastic sealingmember which extends above the plane of the sealing face to form anannular ring of sealing contact area. Each seat member also has anaxially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess. Theradially outer corner of the axially outer face is provided with arectangular notch which together with the corner formed by the end walland annular wall of the recess forms a rectangular chamber. A resilientO-ring having an outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of theseat member and a thickness substantially less than the radial depth ofthe chamber and greater than the axial length of the chamber is locatedin each chamber. The gate member, sealing surfaces of the seat member,and the distance between the end walls of the recesses are soproportioned that there is a controlled interference between all sealingsurfaces on assembly. Additionally, the O-ring establishes a sealbetween the seat member and its recess. On the upstream side, linepressure will flow in back of the seat where it will be arrested by theO-ring. Since the Teflon insert has established an initial seal betweenthe gate and upstream seat, the line pressure will build up increasingthe contact between the Teflon insert and gate resulting in a tight sealbecause of the greater pressure area on the back of the seat. Linepressure will also act on the gate moving it downstream and due to theline pressure in back of the upstream seat, the upstream seal willfollow maintaining an effective seal.

To provide emergency lubrication, the seat member has an annular grooveabout its periphery axially inward of the corner notch. A resilientO-ring is positioned therein forming a seal with the annular wall of therecess. Each seat member is provided with a second annular groove aboutits periphery which is positioned between the first annular peripheralgroove and the corner notch. Also, the sealing face of the seat memberis provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than thedeformable plastic sealing member and a passing connects the annularsealing face groove with the second annular peripheral groove. Thehousing is provided with a passage having one end communicating with thesecond annular groove and the other end provided with a lubricantfitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of theseat members. This permits the injection of sealant to the sealing faceto provide an emergency means of establishing a seal. These two O-ringsform a barrier which directs the sealant through the passage to thesealing face. The sealant system is so designed that on the injection ofsealant into the valve there will be a resultant force which moves theseat forward to maintain contact with the gate. Sealant will not enterand contaminate the lading since the plastic seal is between thelubricant groove and bore.

The seat members are so proportioned that if the interial pressure inthe body increases due to such causes as thermal expansion, theincreased pressure will cause the upstream seat to move back in itspocket permitting the relieving of excessive pressure.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a through conduitgate valve having a slab gate with pressure activated seat membersprovided with a deformable plastic sealing member on their sealingfaces.

It is another object to provide a through conduit gate valve with a slabgate and pressure activated seat members having a deformable plasticsealing member on their sealing faces which will relieve excessive bodypressure upstream.

It is another object to provide a through conduit slab gate valve havingpressure acting seats which establish an upstream seal from eitherdirection.

It is a further object to provide a through conduit gate valve havingpressure acting seats in which there is provision within the seatmembers to provide emergency sealant to the face of the sealing memberto provide an emergency seal.

It is still a further object to provide a through conduit gate valvehaving pressure acting seat members having deformable plastic sealingmembers on their sealing face and provisions whereby in an emergencysealant can be supplied to the sealing faces to provide an emergencyseal.

It is still a further object to provide a valve having pressureactivated seats with an emergency sealant system which is so designedthat on injection of sealant there will be a resultant force keeping theseat in contact with the gate.

Other and further objects of the invention will be obvious upon anunderstanding of the illustrative embodiments about to be described, orwill be indicated in the appended claims, and various advantages notreferred to herein will occur to one skilled in the art upon employmentof the invention in practice.

Preferred embodiments of the invention have been chosen for purpose ofillustration and description and are shown in the accompanying drawings,forming a part of the specification, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an elevational view in section illustrating a gate valve ofthe present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the gate and seat members illustratingthe initial interference on assembly.

FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the seals established in theclosed position during normal operation of the valve.

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing the pressure actuatedupstream seal when pressure in the body is less than the upstreampressure.

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the upstream seat memberrelieving excessive body pressure.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the seat member of FIG. 1positioned in a pocket showing the sealant system.

FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 5 of an alternate form of seat member.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a through conduit gatevalve 8 made in accordance with the present invention. The gate valve 8has a housing 10 having a bore 12 therethrough. The bore 12 formsaligned flow passsages. The outer ends of the flow passages are shownterminating in flanges which permit the valve 8 to be connected to aflow system. Naturally, any other of the various well known means offinishing ends for the connection of a valve to a flow system may beutilized.

Intersecting the bore 12 is a valve chamber 14 in which is located areciprocating slab gate member 16. The valve member 16 consists of asubstantially flat metal plate having a passage 18 which is adapted toregister with the bore 12 in the valve open position, the position shownin FIG. 1, and a solid portion 20 which covers the bore 12 in the valveclosed position, the position shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. Passage 18 inregistering with the bore 12 forms an unbroken smooth wall conduit forthe uninterrupted passage of flow therethrough which offers no moreappreciable resistance to fluid flow than an equal length of pipe. Theupper end of the gate member 16 is attached to means, such as a stem 22,for raising and lowering the gate 16. As is well known in the valve art,a bonnet 24 closes the valve chamber 14 and the stem 22 extends througha sealed passage in the bonnet 24. To move the stem 22 the upper endthereof is threaded and connectively engaged with a bevel gear operator26, handwheel, or any of the various other types of operations wellknown in the art.

The valve chamber end of the bores 12 terminates in hub portions 28--28which extend into the valve chamber 14. The hub portions 28--28 aremachined to form annular recesses or seat pockets 30--30 which surroundthe bore 12. Each recess 30 has an end wall 32 which intersects the bore12, an annular wall 34 which is coaxial with the bore 12. One side ofeach recess 30 is open to the bore and there is also an end of therecess which is open to the valve chamber 14. Positioned in each of therecesses 30 is a pressure-actuated seat member 36.

Each seat member 36 is formed of an annular ring having a passage 38which is coaxial with and is the same diameter as the bore 12. Thispassage 38 forms a part of the through conduit when the valve is in theopen position. The outer diameter 40 of the seat member is smaller thanthe diameter of the annular wall 34 of the recess whereby each seatmember 36 loosely fits into its recess. The axial length of each seatmember is greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portionof the seat member protrudes past the end of the bore past the hub 28into the valve chamber to form a sealing face 42 which cooperates with asealing face 44 of the gate member 16.

The sealing face 42 of each seat member is provided with an annulargroove 46 in which there is positioned a deformable plastic insert orsealing member 48. As previously mentioned, the insert is preferablyformed of Teflon. In order to maintain the insert 48 in the groove 46,it has been found desirable to provide the sides of the annular groove46 with a series of thread serrations which grip the walls of the insertand prohibit its extrusion. The plastic sealing member 48 extendsslightly above the plane of the sealing face 42 to form an annular ringof sealing contact area. The extent which the plastic sealing membersextend above the plane is in the neighborhood of .005-.007" which hasbeen found to be sufficient.

Each seat member 36 has an axial outer face 50 which opposes the endwall 32 of the recess 30. As previously mentioned, the seat members36--36 are pressure actuated. In order to accomplish this pressureactuation, the radially outer corner of the axially outer face 50 ofeach seat member 36 is provided with a rectangular notch 52 whichtogether with a corner formed by the end wall 32 and annular wall 34 ofthe recess forms a rectangular chamber 54. Positioned in the chamber 54is a resilient O-ring 56 having an initial outer diameter approximatingthe outer diameter of the seat member 36 and a thickness substantiallyless than the radial depth of the chamber 54 and greater than the axiallength of the chamber 54. The O-ring 56 is a greater thickness than theaxial length of the chamber 54 so that it will extend past the axialouter face 50 of the seat member 36 and form the sealing contact withthe end wall 38 of the recess 30. At the same time the thickness is lessthan the radial length of the chamber so that if the O-ring swells dueto a reaction with the lading there will be space to accommodate suchswell. By having the initial outer diameter of the O-ring 56approximating the outer diameter of the seat member 36 it is notnecessary to unduly stretch the O-ring during pressure actuation.

The gate member 16, sealing surfaces of the seat member, that is theface of the annular plastic ring 48 and the O-ring 56, and the distancebetween the end walls 32--32 of the recesses 30--30 are so proportionedthat there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces onassembly. This interference establishes an initial seal and facilitatesa differential pressure building up behind the upstream seat to effectpressure activation thereof. The O-ring 56 establishes a seal betweenthe seat member 36 and the annular wall 34 of the recess 30. Therefore,on the upstream side, line pressure will flow in back of the seat 36until it is arrested by the O-ring 56. Since the annular plastic insert48 has established an initial seal between the face 44 of the gate andthe sealing face 42 of the upstream seat, the line pressure will buildup increasing the contact between the annular plastic ring 48 and thesealing surface 44 of the gate resulting in a tight seal. Line pressurewill also act on the gate 16 moving it downstream and due to the linepressure in back of the upstream seat the upstream seat 36 will followmaintaining an effective seal between the annular ring 48 of theupstream seat and the sealing face 44 of the gate 16.

In normal operating condition, the contact between deformable plasticinsert 48 and the sealing face 44 of the gate 16 provides a very tightseal, and no auxiliary means such as constantly providing lubricant orsealant between the sealing faces of the seat and gate is necessary.

However, the valve of the present invention is provided with means whichwill permit introducing a film of lubricant or sealant between thesealing faces of the seat members and gate in an emergency to stopleakage in the event that the annular plastic insert 48 is damaged orfor some other reason the valve will not seal drop tight. In order toprovide this lubrication, seat member 36 is provided with an annulargroove 58 about its periphery axially inward of the corner notch 52. Thegroove 58 is generally rectangular in shape and positioned therein is aresilient O-ring 60. The thickness of the O-ring 60 is such that it isgreater than the radial depth of the groove and less than the axiallength of the groove 58. The O-ring 60 establishes a seal between theouter diameter of the seat member and the annular wall 34 of the recess.Positioned between the annular groove 58 and the corner notch there is asecond annular groove 62. The sealing face 42 of the seat member 36 isprovided with an annular groove 64 which is of a greater diameter thanthe groove 46 containing the annular insert 48. Several passages 66spaced around the annular groove 64 connect the annular groove 64 on thesealing face 42 with the second annular peripheral groove 62. Thehousing 10 is provided with a passage 68 which has one end incommunication with the second annular groove 62 and the other endprovided with a lubricant fitting 70. Sealant introduced through thelubricant fitting 70 flows through the groove 68 into and around theannular groove 62 then through the passage 66 and into the annulargroove 64 on the sealing face 42 of the seat where it can form abridgement with the sealing face 44 of the gate 16. The two O-rings 56and 60 form a barrier which directs the sealant coming through thepassage 68 into the annular groove 62 through the passage 66 and intothe annular groove 64. The sealant system is so proportioned that duringthe application of sealant the resultant force of the sealant beingintroduced through the lubricant fitting 70 results in a movement of theseat 36 toward the sealing face of the gate retaining the seat always inconstant contact with the sealing face 44 of the gate. The forwardmovement of the seat results from the fact the sealant acts on a greaterarea on the end wall 32 of the recess 30 than on the sealing face 44 ofthe gate member 16; and since pressure is equal in both cases, thelarger area at the back will create a larger force than the reactiveforce created by the pressure of the sealant against a smaller area onthe sealing face 44 of the gate 16. In other words, sealant will flowthrough the passage 68 into and around the annular groove 62. It willthen flow in between the peripheral wall 40 of the seat member 36 andthe annular wall 34 of the recess 30 until it contacts O-rings 60 and56. The seal at the O-ring 56 will be at the outer diameter of the seatpocket whereas the seal created by the O-ring 56 will be at the radialinward end of the corner notch 52. The pressure behind the sealant willtherefore be applied to this area and will tend to move the seat 36forward toward the sealing face 44 of the gate 16. At the same time,sealant will flow through the numerous passages 66 and into the groove64 where the pressure will be opposed by the sealing face 44 of the gate16. The force created at the sealing face will tend to move the seatmember 36 back toward the end wall 32 of the recess 30. However, thearea of the groove 64 is smaller than the area at the back of the seat36, therefore the force will be less. There will always be a resultanteffect tending to push the sealing face of the seat tightly against thesealing face of the gate which will maintain the gap between the twosealing faces at a minimum thereby enhancing the ability of the sealantto effect a seal.

As previously mentioned, the various elements in the valve are soproportioned that upon assembly there will be controlled interferencebetween the sealing faces 44 of the gate 16 and the sealing faces of theannular insert 48. Also, the O-ring 56 will be in sealing contact withrear wall 32 of the pocket 30. This condition is shown in FIG. 2.Therefore, at extremely low pressures there will be seals between theannular insert 48 and the sealing face 44 of the gate and between theseat member 36 and its recess 30.

FIG. 3 shows the seals established during normal operation of the valvebeing moved to the closed position with the downstream seat properlyfunctioning. As can be seen, line pressure will act on the gate movingit toward the downstream side pushing the seat member 36 back into itspocket 30 where the O-ring 56 will establish a seal between the recess30 and the annular wall of the seat member 36 prohibiting fluid fromflowing between the seat and its recess. The annular insert 48establishes an initial seal with the sealing face 44 of the gate. If thepressure is sufficiently great, the gate may be forced intometal-to-metal contact with the downstream seat causing the annularinsert 48 to even more tightly form a seal with the sealing face of thegate. As previously mentioned, the initial assembly causes the annularsealing member 48 of the upstream seat to form a seal with the sealingface 44 on the upstream side of the gate and there is sufficientcompression in the upstream O-ring 56 that the upstream seat will remainin contact.

If desired to use the valve for block and bleed service and the pressurefrom the valve chamber 16 is bled off, line pressure will flow betweenthe end wall of the upstream recess and the axial outer wall of the seatmember and will be arrested by the O-ring 56. The line pressure willforce the upstream seat out of its recess into sealing contact with theupstream side face of the gate. This is particularly true since the areaacted upon by the line pressure on the axially outward side of theupstream gate is greater than the area acted on by the line pressure onthe sealing face of the gate which only extends from the passage 38 tothe point of contact formed by the annular deformable plastic sealingring 48. Accordingly, the higher the line pressure the more intimatewill be the contact between the annular plastic ring 48 of the upstreamseat and the upstream sealing face of the gate 16. This condition isshown in FIG. 4. The same action will take place should the downstreamseat leak which will cause a pressure differential actuating thepressure actuated upstream seat.

It has been found that the annular deformable plastic ring 48 willcompensate for most minor scratches and abrasions in the sealing face ofthe gate. However, should a portion of the annular plastic deformablering 48 become damaged the valve can still be sealed by the emergencysealant system previously described. In order to operate the sealantsystem, a lubricant gun is attached to the fitting 70 and sealant underpressure is forced through the lubricant fitting 70 through the passage68. It then flows around the annular groove 62 through the variouspassages 66 to the annular groove 64 on the sealing face 38 of the seatmember. The sealant used for such purposes is a heavy viscous substancewhich is impervious to the lading flowing through the valve and whichwill establish a seal between the seat and gate. In order that thesealant does not force the upstream seat back in its recess andtherefore enlarge the gap between the sealing face of the upstream seatand the corresponding sealing face of the gate, the sealant groovesystem is so proportioned that the injection of sealant will result in aforce which will tend to initially move the seat toward the gate memberrather than back into its pocket 30. Therefore, on initial injection,the seat 36 will tend to embrace the sealing face 44 of the gate and thegap will not be of such a magnitude that the viscous sealant can noteffectively seal. On excessive injection, the sealant will be relievedinto the valve chamber 14 since the plastic insert 48 is between thebore 38 and lubricant groove 64. If injection is continued sufficientpressure will build up to relieve across the face of the gate preventingbody rupture.

As previously mentioned, the upstream seal will be always forced againstthe gate member; however, should the pressure in the body increase dueto thermal expansion as a result in increase of ambient temperature orfor other reasons, the increased pressure acting on the area of the seatbetween the outside diameter of the seat and the annular plastic insert48 will build up to such a point that it will momentarily push the seatmember 36 back into the recess allowing the fluid trapped in the body toescape past the annular insert and thereby relieving the pressure in thebody. The seat has been so proportioned that this will always take placeprior to such an increase in body pressure which would permanentlydeform the body.

FIG. 7 shows a slightly modified form of seat member 72. The seat member72 has an annular-hub portion 74 which is slightly smaller in diameterthan the seat pocket 76. Similar to the construction of the seat member36, the axially outer rear corner 78 of the hub portion 74 is notched.The corner notch 78 forms with a corner of the recess a chamber 80similar to the chamber 54 of the seat member 36. An O-ring 82 ispositioned in the pocket. The seat member 72 has a flanged portion 84which extends past the hub portion 74 and abuts against the front face86 of the recess. Instead of having a lubricant groove and the O-ringgroove about the periphery of the hub, there is lubricant groove 88located in the flange portion 84 which connects through passages 90 withan annular lubricant groove 92 on the sealing face 94 of the seat 72. Inorder to prevent the lubricant from going directly into the body,another annular groove 96 is provided outwardly of the annular lubricantgroove 88 and in such groove 96 is positioned an O-ring 98 which actingtogether with the O-ring 82 in the chamber 80 provides a lubricantbarrier directing the lubricant coming through a lubricant passage 100to be directed to the lubricant groove 92 on the face 94 of the seat.Like the seat member 36, the seat member 72 is provided with a centralpassage 102 which aligns with the bore and forms a part of the bore inthe open position. Also similar to the construction of seat 36, there isadjacent to the passage an annular groove in which is positioned adeformable plastic insert 104. The seat member 72 cooperates with a gate106 in a manner similar to that described for seat member 36.

As can be seen from the foregoing, a valve constructed in accordancewith the present invention has pressure acting seats whereby a seal willbe effected on the upstream side regardless of which side is upstream.The seats being provided with an annular plastic insert will easilyeffect a drop-tight seal; however, should the sealing faces of the gateor seat become damaged to such an extent that they will no longer seal,provision has been made to provide sealant between the faces to effect aseal. The sealant system is so designed that upon injection of sealantthe seat will move toward maintaining the gap between the two sealingfaces at a minimum.

As various changes may be made in the form, construction andarrangements of the parts herein without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention and without sacrificing any of its advantages, itis to be understood that all matter herein is to be interpreted asillustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What we claim is:
 1. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of each seat member being greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portion of each seat member protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for co-operation with a face of the gate member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a rectangular notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a rectangular chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness substantially less than the radial depth of the chamber and greater than the axial length of the chamber, the gate member, sealing surfaces of the seat member and the distance between the end walls of the recesses being so proportioned that there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly, the seat member having an annular groove about its periphery axially inward of the corner notch, said groove being generally rectangular in shape, a resilient O-ring positioned in said annular peripheral groove, the thickness of said O-ring being such that it is greater than the radial depth of the groove and less than the axial length of the groove, said seat member provided with a second annular groove about its periphery, said second groove positioned between the first annular peripheral groove and corner notch, the sealing face of the seat member provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than the deformable plastic sealing member, a number of spaced passages connecting the annular groove of the sealing face with the second annular peripheral groove, the housing provided with a passage having one end communicating with the second annular peripheral groove and the other end provided with a lubricant fitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of the sealing member, the O-ring defining a restraining chamber whereby the sealant introduced through the fitting is directed into the second annular peripheral groove, passage and sealing face annular groove, the differential in the areas of the restraining chamber being such that there is a resultant force tending to force the upstream seat forward to more intimate contact with the gate, the reactive force of the sealant against the gate being of a lesser magnitude than the force tending to move the seat forward.
 2. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser out diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of each seat member being greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portion of each seat member protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for cooperation with a face of the gate member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness greater than the axial length of the chamber, the gate member, sealing surfaces of the seat member and the distance between the end walls of the recesses being so proportioned that there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly, the seat member having an annular groove about its periphery axially inward of the corner notch, a resilient O-ring positioned in said annular peripheral groove to form a seal between the peripheral wall of the seat member and the annular wall of the recess, said seat member provided with a second annular groove about its periphery, said second groove positioned between the first annular peripheral groove and corner notch, the sealing face of the seat member provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than the deformable plastic sealing member, a number of passages connecting the annular groove of the sealing face with the second annular peripheral groove, the housing provided with a passage having one end communicating with the scond annular peripheral groove and the other end provided with a lubricant fitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of the sealing member, the O-rings defining a restraining chamber whereby the sealant introduced through the fitting is directed into the second annular peripheral groove, passage and sealing face annular groove, the differential in the areas of the restraining chamber being such that there is a resultant force tending to force the upstream seat forward to more intimately contact with the gate and the reactive force of the sealant against the gate being of a lesser magnitude than the force tending to move the seat forward.
 3. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of each seat member being greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portion of each seat member protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for co-operation with a face of the gate member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness greater than the axial length of the chamber, the seat member having an annular groove about its periphery axially inward of the corner notch, a resilient O-ring positioned in said annular peripheral groove to form a seal between the peripheral wall of the seat member and the annular wall of the recess, said seat member provided with a second annular groove about its periphery, said second groove positioned between the first annular peripheral groove and corner notch, the sealing face of the seat member provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than the deforming plastic sealing member, a number of passages connecting the annular groove of the sealing face with the second annular peripheral groove, the housing provided with a passage having one end communicating with the second annular peripheral groove and the other end provided with a lubricant fitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of the sealing member, the O-rings defining a restraining chamber whereby the sealant introduced through the fitting is directed into the second annular peripheral groove, passage and sealing face annular groove, the differential in the areas of the restraining chamber being such that there is a resultant force tending to force the upstream seat forward to more intimately contact with the gate and the reactive force of the sealant against the gate not being of a lesser magnitude than the force tending to move the seat forward.
 4. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fit into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of each seat member being greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portion of each seat member protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for co-operation with a face of the gate member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member an its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness greater than the axial length of the chamber, the seat member having an annular groove about its periphery axially inward of the corner notch, a resilient O-ring positioned in said annular peripheral groove to form a seal between the peripheral wall of the seat member and the annular wall of the recess, said seat member provided with a second annular groove about its periphery, said second groove positioned between the first annular peripheral groove and corner notch, the sealing face of the seat member provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than the deformable plastic sealing member, a number of passages connecting the annular groove of the sealing face with the second annular peripheral groove, the housing provided with a passage having one end communicating with the second annular peripheral groove and the other end provided with a lubricant fitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of the sealing member, the O-rings defining a restraining chamber whereby the sealant introduced through the fitting is directed into the second annular peripheral groove, passage and sealing face annular groove, the sealant system being so proportioned that the forces developed by sealant being injected are such that there is a resultant force tending to move the seat out of its pocket into an intimate contact with the gate maintaining the gap between the sealing faces of the seat and gate at a minimum.
 5. A valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a valve member located in said valve chamber, said valve member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recess, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, a portion of each seat member forming a sealing face for co-operation with a face of the valve member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness greater than the axial length of the chamber, the valve member, sealing surfaces of the seat members and the distance between the end walls of the recesses being so proportioned that there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly, the seat member having an annular groove about its periphery axially inward of the corner notch, said groove being generally rectangular in shape, a resilient O-ring positioned in said annular groove, the thickness of said O-ring being such that it is greater than the radial depth of the groove and less than the axial length of the groove, said seat member provided with a second annular groove about its periphery, said second groove positioned between the first annular groove and corner notch, the sealing face of the seat member provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than the deformable plastic sealing member, a passage connecting the annular groove of the sealing face with the second annular peripheral groove, the housing provided with a passage having one end communicating with the second annular peripheral groove and the other end provided with a lubricant fitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of the sealing member, the O-ring defining a restraining chamber whereby the sealant introduced through the fitting is directed into the annular groove passage and sealing face annular groove, the differential in the areas of the restraining chamber being such that there is a resultant force tending to force the upstream seat forward to move into intimate contact with the valve member and the reactive force of the sealant against the valve member being of lesser magnitude than the force tending to move the seat forward.
 6. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses, each seat member formed of an annular hub portion having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of the hub portion being slightly greater than the axial length of the recess, each seat member having a flange portion provided with a front face which protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for co-operation with a face of the gate member, and a rear face which contacts the wall surrounding the recess, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, the hub portion of each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a rectangular notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a rectangular chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness greater than the axial length of the chamber, the gate member, sealing surfaces of the seat member and the distance between the end walls of the recesses being so proportioned that there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly, an annular groove in the rear face of the hub portion, said groove being generally rectangular in shape, a resilient O-ring positioned in said annular groove, the thickness of said O-ring being such that it is greater than the axial depth of the groove and less than the radial length of the groove, said seat member provided with a second annular groove in the rear face of the hub portion, said second groove being radially inward of the first annular groove, the sealing face of the seat member provided with an annular groove of greater diameter than the deformable plastic sealing member, several passages connecting the annular groove of the sealing face with the second annular peripheral groove, the housing provided with a passage having one end communicating with the second annular peripheral groove and the other end provided with a lubricant fitting to permit the introduction of sealant to the sealing face of the sealing member, the O-ring defining a restraining chamber whereby the sealant introduced through the fitting is directed into the annular groove passage and through the passage into several sealing face annular grooves, the sealant system being so proportioned that the forces developed by the sealant being injected are such that there is a resultant force tending to move the seat out of its pocket into intimate contact with the gate maintaining the gap between the sealing faces of the seat and gate at a minimum.
 7. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of each seat member being greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portion of each seat member protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for co-operation with a face of the gate member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a rectangular notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a rectangular chamber, a resilient O-ring positioned in said chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness substantially less than the radial depth of the chamber and greater than the axial length of the chamber, the gate member, sealing surfaces of the seat member and the distance between the end walls of the recesses being so proportioned that there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly. .Iadd.
 8. A through conduit gate valve comprised of a housing with a bore therethrough, a valve chamber intersecting said bore, a reciprocating slab gate valve member located in said valve chamber, said gate member provided with a passage alignable with the bore in the open position and a solid portion to cover said bore in the closed position, facing annular recesses surrounding said bore, each recess having an end wall intersecting the bore, an annular wall coaxial with the bore, one side open to the bore and one end open to the valve chamber, a seat member in each of said recesses to form an upstream seat member and a downstream seat member, each seat member formed of an annular ring having a lesser outer diameter than the annular wall of its recess whereby each seat member loosely fits into its recess, each seat member provided with a passage aligned with the bore, the axial length of each seat member being greater than the axial length of its recess whereby a portion of each seat member protrudes into the valve chamber to form a sealing face for cooperation with a face of the gate member, each sealing face provided with an annular groove, a deformable plastic sealing member positioned in said annular groove, said deformable plastic sealing member extending beyond the plane of the sealing face to form an annular ring of sealing contact area for sealing contact with the gate member, each seat member having an axially outward face which opposes the end wall of its recess, the radially outer corner of said axially outward face provided with a rectangular notch which together with the corner formed by the end wall and the annular wall of the recess forms a rectangular chamber, a resilient O-ring consisting solely of a stretchable elastomeric material positioned in said rectangular chamber forming a seal between the seat member and its recess, said O-ring having an initial outer diameter approximating the outer diameter of the seat member and a thickness substantially less than the radial depth of the chamber and greater than the axial length of the chamber such that the O-rings are initially deformed axially upon assembly to provide the force for initially causing said sealing contact between the sealing members and said gate member; the gate member, sealing surfaces of the seat member and the distance between the end walls of the recesses being so proportioned that there is a slight interference between all sealing surfaces on assembly, each seat member having the outward face thereof spaced from the opposed end wall of the associated recess on assembly and being exposed to and responsive to fluid pressure from both the bore and the valve chamber for floating back and forth movement of the seat members with respect to the gate member and the housing thereby to provide fluid pressure actuated seat members, said upstream seat member and its associated plastic sealing member upon the reaching of an excessive fluid pressure in the valve chamber being moved out of sealing contact with the gate member to relieve the excess fluid pressure in the body chamber to the bore, said O-ring being stretched radially outwardly into sealing engagement with the annular wall of the associated recess when the fluid pressure in the bore is greater than the fluid pressure in the valve chamber. .Iaddend. 